Ethereum Research Proposes Differentiating Transaction Access Based on Order Dependence

Ethereum Research's latest study points out that in the context of frame transactions and account abstraction, transaction access rules should be distinguished primarily by whether the verification logic depends on the order of transactions within a block, rather than the amount of state reads. The research categorizes transactions into three types: single-writer state, shared state that can accept old state roots, and competitive state that must read real-time values, arguing that existing mechanisms set different thresholds around this dimension. The authors emphasize that only exactly-once assertions (such as whether a nullifier has been used or whether a slot is still free) inherently require total order coordination and cannot completely eliminate order dependence through purely proof-based access.

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